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教资备考题_“陌生的熟悉人”-英语熟词僻义

2022-04-20 16:31:27 吉林公务员考试网 jl.huatu.com 文章来源:净月华图

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教资备考题_“陌生的熟悉人”-英语熟词僻义

  词汇是英语教与学的基础,招教考试中没有给出明确的考查词汇表,这就给命题人提供了广阔的活动空间,给他们减少了很多限制,但给考生增加了一定难度。英语中国的一词多意和熟词僻义现象是普遍存在的。今天,笔者跟大家分享一些招教中常考的熟词僻义,并给出典型例句帮您更好地理解和掌握。

  A

  1.address

  熟义:地址,写地址

  Please tell me your address.请告诉我你的地址。

  僻义:(1)vt.称呼

  The president should be addressed as“Mr. President”.总统应称呼为“总统先生”。

  (2)vt.向…发表演说

  It is said that our headmaster will address the meeting.据说我们的校长将在会议上发表演说。

  2.admit

  熟义:vt.承认

  IadmittedthatIwas afraid of the monster.我承认我害怕那个怪兽。

  僻义:(1)vt.容纳

  The theatre only admits 1,000 persons.这个电影院能容纳1000人。

  (2) vt.允许进入

  The servant opened the door and admitted me(into the house).服务员打开门让我进屋。

  3.against

  熟义:prep.反对,违背

  Somebody argue against the idea.一些人反对这个观点。

  僻义:prep.衬着,迎着,靠着

  The picture looks good against the white wall.衬着白墙这张照片看起来很不错。

  4.air

  熟义:n.空气

  Everyone need breathe fresh air.每个人都需要呼吸新鲜的空气。

  僻义:(1)v.抒发;倾诉;传播

  Don’t air your troubles too often.不要经常发牢骚。

  (2)n.样子,神态,气氛

  There was a comfortable air about her room.她房间的气氛很舒服。

  5.amount

  熟义:n.量

  Any amount, great or small, will be appreciated.

  数量不论多少都将受到欢迎。

  僻义:(1)vi.达到,共计

  The cost amounted to $ 2000.成本是2000美元。

  (2)vi.相当于

  What you have said amounts to a refusal.你所说的相当于是拒绝。

  6. announce

  熟义:vt.宣布

  They are hoping that she will announce for governor.他们希望她将宣布参加竞选州长。

  僻义:vt.显示,预告

  Warm sunshine announces the coming of spring.温暖的阳光预告着春天的到来。

  7.account for

  熟义:解释说明...的原因;占...比例

  His illness accounts for his absence.因为

  8.advance

  熟义:v./n前进,推进

  No retreat is allowed, only advance.只许前进,不许后退。

  僻义:(1)n.预付(款)

  She asked for an advance on her salary.她要求工资预付。

  (2)n.增加

  Share prices showssignificant advances today.股票价格今天明显增加。

  B

  1.badly

  熟义:adv.坏

  The surface of the table was badly marred up.这张桌子的桌面被严重地损坏了。

  僻义:adv.迫切

  The boy badly wants a new bike.这个男孩迫切地想要辆新自行车。

  2.blank

  熟义:adj.空白的n.空白

  Please fill in the blanks.请填出下列空白处。

  僻义:adj.没表情的,空虚的,没兴趣的

  The stranger returned my greeting with a blank look.这个陌生人毫无表情地回应我的问候。

  3.bare

  熟义:adj.裸露的

  The top of the hill was bare.小山顶上光秃秃的。

  僻义:vt.向某人袒露心声

  He likes to bare his heart/soul with his close friends.他喜欢向亲近的朋友袒露心声。

  4. bear

  熟义:vt.忍受,容忍

  The roof will not bear the strain of its weight.屋顶将承受不住它的重量的拉力。

  僻义:v.显示,带有

  He was badly wounded in the war and still bears the scars.他在战争中伤得很严重至今仍带有伤疤。

  5.blanket

  熟义:n.毯子

  僻义:vt.以厚层覆(译:...覆盖着厚厚的雪)

  The whole village was blanketed with heavy snow.整个村庄被厚厚的雪覆盖了。

  6.break down

  熟义:(机器等)坏了

  The engine of the car is broken down.这辆车的发动机坏了。

  僻义:(计划)失败

  All our plans broke down.(计划)失败,坚持不下去。

  C

  1.capital

  熟义:n.首都,首府;资本

  All our capital is locked up in that enterprise.我们的资金全部搁死在那个企业了。

  僻义:adj.极严重的,根本的

  Our capital task at the moment is to persuade her to calm down.我们此时的根本任务时劝她冷静下来。

  2. cause

  熟义:n.起因,v.引起

  It is his being late that causes his teacher angry.正是他迟到让他老师生气。

  僻义:n.事业

  The UN has done a lot for the cause of world peace.联合国为世界和平事业做了许多贡献。

  3.civil

  熟义:adj.公民的,国内的

  The civil rights bill carried by a large majority.公民权利法案获得大多数同意而通过。

  僻义:adj.有礼貌的,彬彬有礼的

  He is a civil person.他是一个有礼貌的人。

  4.climate

  熟义:n.气候

  The climate here is comfortable.这儿的气候很舒服。

  僻义:n.风气;思潮;倾向

  The cultural climate here is somehow a little upsetting.这里的文化风气有一些浮躁。

  5.cloudy

  熟义:adj.阴天的,多云的

  It is cloudy today.今天多云。

  僻义:adj.不明朗的,不清晰的

  Who did it still remains cloudy.谁做的这件事情仍旧不明朗。

  6.come back

  熟义:回来

  僻义:(1)重新流行

  Do you think long dresses will ever come back?你认为长裙子还会再流行吗?

  (2)顶嘴

  He came back at her with a nasty remark.他以恶毒的语言回击她。

  (3)回想起来

  It’s suddenly to come back where I saw you last.突然,我想起上次我在什么地方见过你。

  7. come in

  熟义:进来

  僻义:(1)开始流行;

  This style is certain to come in this year.今年这种款式肯定流行。

  (2)承担(任务)

  Here is the plan of attack,and this is where you come in.这是我们的攻击计划,这是你要执行的任务。

  8. come on

  熟义:快过来

  僻义:(1)进行,进展;

  How has he come on at school this year?他今年学业进展如何?

  (2)开始(下雨);

  The rain has just come on.雨刚开始下。

  (3)上映,上演,举行

  The next exam comes on in early summer.下次考试将在夏初进行。

  9. come out

  熟义:出来

  僻义:结果(如何)

  Everything will come out all right.一切都会好的。

  10.consume

  熟义:vt.消耗,消费

  All we need to do to achieve that is produce more, consume less, or both.

  为了达到目标,我们需要做的就是多生产,少消费,或者两者均衡。

  僻义:vt.烧毁, 毁灭

  The fire soon consumed the old wooden buildings in the neighborhood.这场火很快烧毁了邻居的木头建筑。

  D

  1.dawn

  熟义:n拂晓,v.破晓,天亮

  We will encounter the enemy at dawn.我们将于黎明时与敌交战。

  僻义:vt.开始明白

  The truth began to dawn on him.他开始明白真相。

  2.drive

  熟义:v.驾驶

  僻义:v.迫使(某人做不好的事)

  Hunger drove her steal.饥饿迫使她偷窃。

  3.divorce

  熟义:v.离婚

  僻义:v.使分离,使脱离

  You can’t divorce science from ethical questions.你不能将科学脱离道德问题。

  E

  1.easy

  熟义:容易的

  僻义:Adj.舒适的,安分的,轻松的

  Now we are leading an easy life.

  2.embarrass

  熟义:vt.使尴尬

  “When you embarrass me, I’ll tell you, ” my father says.

  “你要是使我感到难堪,我就会跟你说的,”我爸爸说。

  僻义:vt.阻碍

  What embarrasses your making an early start?什么阻碍了你早点开始?

  3.employ

  熟义:v.雇佣

  The company employsa lotof foreigners.这个公司雇佣了很多外国人。

  僻义:v.使用,利用

  The police employed force to open the door.警察利用武力打开了门。

  4.eat one’s words

  收回前言,认错道歉(切勿望文生义,解为“食言”)

  He boasted that he would throw me downstairs;but I made him eat his words.他吹嘘说他要把我抛下楼去,但我叫他收回他的话了。

  5.even

  熟义:adv.甚至,更

  僻义:

  The road wasn’t even. adj.平坦的,平的,平滑的

  Her teeth were white and even. adj.齐的,同样的,一致的

  The score is now even. adj.相等的,对等的,均等的

  The car went with an even motion. adj.均匀的,平稳的

  6.exploit

  熟义:v.开发,开采,剥削

  僻义:v.利用

  You must exploit every opportunity to learn new things.你一定要利用一切机会学习新事物。

  7. extend

  熟义:扩大,使扩展,使伸长

  僻义:v.扩大范围,舒展(手脚)

  He extended his hand to new employees.他向新员工展伸出了手。

  F

  1.fail

  熟义:失败,不及格

  僻义:

  Our water supply failed.我们供水不足了。

  He is failing in health/His health is failing. v.衰退,衰弱

  He failed to lend her a hand. v.未能

  He never fails to write to his mother every month.他从来不忘记每月写信给他的母亲

  2. familiar

  熟义:adj.熟悉

  I am not familiar with this city.我对这个城市不熟悉。

  僻义:adj.密切的,亲密

  Are you on familiar terms with Tom?你和Tom交情好吗?

  3.fever

  熟义:n.发烧,发热

  僻义:n.狂热,高度兴奋

  He is in a fever of her arrival.他对她的带来非常兴奋。

  4. figure

  熟义:n.数字;雕塑,人物

  僻义:

  She figured that she would be next.v.认为,想象

  I couldn’t figure out what he meant.我不明白他是什么意思。

  5.for good

  永远(勿望文生义)

  She’ll soon leave London for good.她将永远离开伦敦。

  6. foreign

  熟义:外国的

  僻义:陌生;和……格格不入

  The subject is foreign to me.不熟悉;

  Telling lies is foreign to her nature. adj.和...格格不入的

  G

  1.gain

  熟义:v.获得,赢得

  僻义:

  Don’t worry. My watch gains. We still have time. v.表走得快

  The car gained speed gradually. vt.增加(速度或重量)

  2.get away with

  熟义:带着…逃跑

  僻义:(做坏事)不受惩罚

  The child ought to be punished.You shouldn’t let him get away with telling lies.

  3. get back

  熟义:回来/去,拿回来/去

  僻义:报复

  He will get back at you for this.

  4. get down

  熟义:下来,使下来

  僻义:使情绪低落,身体虚弱

  All this waiting and delay is really getting her down.这漫长的等待与拖延使她疲惫不堪了。

  5. get down to

  着手干某事(勿望文生义)

  It’s time I got down to marking the papers.是我开始批改试卷的时候了。

  6. get off

  熟义:下车,离开,动身

  僻义:

  I’ll have to get this letter off by tonight.今晚我一定得把信寄出去。

  I’ll pay anything you ask if you manage to get her off.如果你能使她不受惩罚,你要什么我就可以给什么。

  7. get on(with)=get along(with)

  熟义:与……相处

  僻义:进展

  How are you getting on at university?你在大学情况如何?

  8. get through

  熟义:接通(电话)

  僻义:用完;(使)通过(考试、议案)

  He got through£300in a week.他一周就用完了三百英镑。

  9. give away

  熟义:赠送

  僻义:泄露(机密);暴露(身份);出卖(朋友)

  Please don’t give my secret away.请不要泄露我的机密。

  10. give out

  熟义:散发(传单)等

  僻义:宣布;被用完;运转失灵

  He gave out that he was going to America.他宣布他要去美国。

  The fuel gave out.燃料用完了。

  H

  1.handsome

  熟义:adj.英俊的,端庄的,美观的

  僻义:adj.大方的,慷慨的

  I hope I will get a handsome present at my birthday.

  2. heavy

  熟义:adj.重的

  僻义:

  My father is a heavy smoker. adj.超出一般规模、数量、力量的

  The traffic today is especially heavy. adj.交通拥挤的

  3. height

  熟义:n.高度,身高

  僻义:n.顶点,极度

  In the height of the summer many people choose to visit the seaside.

  4.hold on

  熟义:别挂断;等一等

  僻义:继续坚持做(难做之事)

  They didn’t know if they would be able to hold on until help arrived.他们不知道能否坚持到援军到达之时。

  5.hit

  熟义:v.击中,打击

  僻义:n.成功,红极一时的人或事

  The film Hero is quite a hit of this year.

  6. hot

  熟义:adj.炎热的

  僻义:adj.最新的

  We’re waiting for the hot news on the election results.

  I

  1.industry

  熟义:n.工业;产业

  僻义:n.努力;勤勉

  His success was due to industry.他的成功源自于他的努力。

  2.intelligence

  熟义:n.智力,脑力

  僻义:n.情报,信息(尤其指有军事价值的)

  Scientist manage to get important intelligence thanks to satellite.

  3. interest

  熟义:兴趣

  僻义:n.利益;利息;股份;同业者

  Don’t look after your own interests.不要只顾自己的利益。

  It’s in/to your interest(s)to work hard.努力工作对你有利。

  I have an interest in the company.我在公司有股份。

  Our family has interest in the business. n.利益,股份

  4.introduce

  熟义:介绍、引进

  僻义:v.以……开始

  He introduced his speech with a joke.他的演讲以一个笑话开始。

  5.invite

  熟义:邀请

  僻义:v.招引,吸引

  Don’t leave the windows open—it’s inviting thieves to enter.不要把窗户打开了——这个要招贼来。

  6. identify

  熟义:v.鉴定,说明身份

  僻义:v.认为某事物等同于

  One can’t identify happiness with wealth.我们不能将幸福等同于财富。

  J

  1.job

  熟义:工作

  僻义:n.费力的事情vt.做零工,做股票经纪;假公济私;承包

  Waxing the car was quite a job.给小汽车打蜡真费事。

  He jobbed his son into the position.他利用职权把儿子安排到那职位上去了。

  Removing the table is quite a job. n.费力的事

  2.jump

  熟义:跳

  僻义:n.&vi.(大幅度)上涨

  Last week the price of goods jumped.上周物价急剧上涨。

  3. just

  熟义:adv.正好;恰好

  僻义:adj.公正的

  You are a just person.

  K

  1.kill

  熟义:杀

  僻义:vt.删掉,使笑,使难受之极;消磨

  It kills him to admit he is wrong.他承认他错了时,难受得很。

  His joke killed the audience.他的笑话使听众笑得死去活来。

  The guy fools around all day long, killing time. v.消磨(时间)

  2.key

  熟义:n.钥匙,答案

  僻义:n.&adj.关键(的),关键性的人物

  The key factor in their success is hard work.他们成功的关键因素是努力工作。

  L

  1.at large

  逍遥自在地,逍遥法外;详尽地;普遍地;随便地(勿望文生义)

  The suspect is still at large.嫌疑犯仍逍遥法外。

  2.last

  熟义:最后的

  僻义:adj.最不可能的v.延续,够用(多久)

  He is the last person to tell a lie.他极不可能说谎。

  Her holidays were to last six weeks.她的假有六周。

  3.learn

  熟义:v.学习

  僻义:v.听到,获悉

  I learned of that yesterday.我昨天才得知此事。

  4.let

  熟义:v.让

  僻义:v.出租

  The couple decided to let off the smaller flat at a lower price.

  M

  1. mirror

  熟义:n.镜子

  僻义:v.反映,反射

  P

  1. package

  熟义:包裹

  僻义:n.一揽子交易(计划等)

  a package deal一揽子交易

  2. pattern

  熟义:n.样式,模式

  僻义:v.仿制;模仿

  3. practically

  熟义:adj.实际上

  僻义:adv.几乎;差不多

  4. pronounced

  熟义:vt.发音,宣布,宣判

  僻义:adj.明显的,显著的

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