银行招聘备考资料:阅读理解—主旨题。

银行招聘备考资料:阅读理解—主旨题。

　　阅读理解—主旨题

　　一、主旨题考察内容

　　主旨题一般出现在文章的第一题或最后一题，考察该文的中心思想，主旨大意。

　　常见问法如下：

　　What is the passage mainly about( )?

　　The main idea of the passage might be ( )?

　　The best title for this passage is ( )?

　　二、主旨题解题策略

　　(一)找文章第一句和最后一句，各段首尾

　　(二)找高频率较的主体词

　　(三)排除过分细节、片面、绝对的选项

　　【例1】A major study carried out in Norway suggests IQ scores among men there have been falling since the mid-1970s. The men were gives tests around 18 to measure IQ – or intelligence quotient – as part of required military service in Norway. IQ tests are designed to measure intelligence based on areas such as vocabulary knowledge, verbal and non-verbal reasoning skills, and working memory. In the Norwegian study, results showed the average IQ score increased about three percent for men born between 1962 and 1975 –from 99.5 to 102.3. But the scores began dropping for men born after 1975. By 1989, the average IQ score had returned to 99.4. The study is related to something known as the Flynn effect. This is the idea that if the same IQ tests are given to people born at different points in time the scores will generally rise. Ole Rogeberg is with the Frisch Center and was a lead researcher on the study. He said that the Flynn effect showed a clear increase in IQ scores during the 20th century throughout the Western world. Researchers found the IQ increased caused by environmental factors. Among possible factors were better teaching and learning methods, improvements in test-taking skills and healthier eating.

　　Rogeberg said that in the new study, he wanted to examine possible causes for the steady drop in IQ scores. To rule out genetics, he attempted to find similarities between brothers. “Because on average, the genes that the first born and the second born and the third born get, the will be relatively similar. There’s no reason to expect that one sibling gets better genes just because he’s the first or second child.”

　　He concluded that external factors probably influenced the scores more than genetics. However, he added that the study did not provide any information about specific kinds of environmental causes for the lower IQ scores. But he said researchers are considering a number of theories. “It may be due to changes in the educational system or that if reflects a change in the media environment – if people used to read books more, but now they’re watching television more or going on the internet more.

　　Rogeberg looks forward to results of additional studies that can support his findings. He says more research is needed to help explain all the reasons behind changes in IQ scores. “It’s difficult to compare the results across time, and whether it actually reflects a change is some underlying intelligence or whether if reflects differences in how we have been trained to use our intelligence to solve different kinds of tasks.”

　　In any case, Rogeberg says he believes the reasoning and critical thinking skills measured by intelligence tests will always be important. He notes that human will still need to process information, even as technology and artificial intelligence become a bigger part of people’s lives. “You have to be able to reason your way through the world as you live it,” he said. “And I don’t think these skills are going to lose their relevance. But the way they are relevant might change.”

　　What is the passage mainly about?( )

　　A. The assessment procedures of IQ tests.

　　B. The reasons behind changes in IQ scores.

　　C. The design and evolution of IQ tests.

　　D. The psychological explanation for IQ scores.

　　【答案】B。主旨大意题。A选项，IQ测试的评估程序。B选项，IQ得分变化背后的原因。C选项，IQ测试的设计和演变。D选项，IQ分数的心理学解释。通读全文，可知文章描述了是IQ得分变化背后的原因探讨，选择B选项。
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