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中小学英语教师招聘考试基础知识复习资料_长春华图

2021-02-08 14:49:00 吉林公务员考试网 jl.huatu.com 文章来源:长春华图

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中小学英语教师招聘考试基础知识复习资料_长春华图

  (一) 知识概要

  冠词在英语中只有3个词,分为两类:不定冠词a与an,定冠词the。a用在以辅音开始的单数名词前,an用于以元音开始的单词前。不定冠词用来表示一类事物中泛指的某一事物,而定冠词则用于特指的某一个或某些事物,可用于不可数名词、可数名词单数及可数名词复数前。

  (二) 正误辨析

  [误]This building is an university.

  [正]This building is a university.

  [析]a用于以辅音音素开始的单词前,而an用于以元音音素开始的单词前,而不是元音字母开头的单词前。university的第一个音素是[j],所以 用a而不要用an。又如:There is a “n” in the word.是错句,应为:There is an “n”in the word.因字母n的发音的第一个音素是元音。要注意的还有hour因其第一个字母h不发音,所以应该用an hour。例如:

  I need an hour to finish the work.

  It is a useful dictionary.

  It is a European country.

  I bought a used car.

  [误]I need a umbrella because it looks like raining.

  [正]I need an umbrella because it looks like raining.

  [析]因umbrella的第一个音素是元音,所以应用an.常用的情况有:an old man, an English teacher, an elephant, an idea, an hour ago, an honest boy…。

  [误]“Can you help me” “Sorry, I'm in hurry.”

  [正]“Can you help me” “Sorry. I'm in a hurry.”

  [析]不定冠词的主要用法如下:

  1.用来表示一类人或事物,如:She is a teacher.

  2.指某一类人或事物中的一个,如:An elephant is bigger than a horse.

  3.泛指某一人或事物,如:A man is waiting for you at the school gate.

  4.相当于“one”的概念,如:I just bought a new dictionary.

  5.其主要的难点是用在固定词组中:

  如:have a walk/a rest/a look

  又如:in a hurry 匆匆忙忙

  make a face 作鬼脸

  do somebody a favour 帮某人忙

  a number of =many

  又如:have a good time (玩得好)

  have a cold (感冒)

  have a headache (头痛)

  have a break=have a rest

  [误]I bought the dictionary yesterday. A dictionary is very good.

  [正]I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is very good.

  [析]在文章中第一次提到某物时用不定冠词,而第二次提到时用定冠词。

  [误]Please turn off lights before you leave.

  [正]Please turn off the lights before you leave.

  [析]虽然是第一次提到某物但说话双方均知其所指,也应用定冠词。

  [误]There are nine planets around a sun.

  [正]There are nine planets around the sun.

  [析]世上独一无二的天体等名词前应加定冠词,如:the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the sea.

  [误]I live on a second floor of this building.

  [正]I live on the second floor of this building.

  [析]在序数词,形容词最高级前要用定冠词。如:He is the oldest in the family.

  [误]I want to learn the second language this term.

  [正]I want to learn a second language this term.

  [析]在序数词的含意不是顺序中的第一第二,而其意在于再学一个,再来一个时,应用a,本句的意思应为:这学期我要学一门第二外语。

  [误]Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.

  [正]The Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.

  [析]在河流名称前应加定冠词,如:the Yellow River(黄河)。

  [误]Look, there are Alp.

  [误]Look, there are the Alp.

  [正]Look, there are the Alps.

  [析]具体的某一座山不加定冠词,如:Mountain Tai.但在山名称前加定冠词后,其山名要加s,来表示山脉。the Alps即为阿尔卑斯山脉。如:The Alps are in the center of Europe.

  [误]Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.

  [正]The Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.

  [析]报刊名称前应加定冠词。

  [误]Rich are not always happy.

  [正]The rich are not always happy.

  [析]在形容词前加定冠词表示一类人,而在姓的前面加定冠词,姓后加s表示某一家,如:The turners are going to move to New York.

  [误]I like to eat bread for breakfast. Bread sells in this shop is very good.

  [正]I like to eat bread for breakfast. The bread sells in this shop is very good.

  [析]物质名词特指时也应加定冠词。

  [误]The sun rises in east.

  [正]The sun rises in the east.

  [析]在方向、方位前应用定冠词,如:in the east, in the west, in the north, in the south, in the direction 及in the past, in the future

  [误]Do you know who invented telephone

  [正]Do you know who invented the telephone

  [析]在特定和专有事物或名称前要加定冠词,

  如:the English Channel 英吉利海峡

  the Panama Canal 巴拿马运河

  the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河

  [误]Would you please buy some food for the supper

  [正]Would you please buy some food for supper

  [析]泛指一日三餐前无定冠词。

  [误]I like to climb the mountain in the autumn.

  [正]I like to climb the mountain in autumn.

  [析]一年四季前不用定冠词,如:Spring is the best season in a year.

  [误]Sometimes my parents come to school to see me.

  [正]Sometimes my parents come to the school to see me.

  [析]有些名词被用作其本身原来所含目的时不加冠词,如:go to school上学,leave school(辍学),after school(放学),但如果当建筑物讲时应加冠词,如例句中其父母来校不是上学,而是看望孩子,则要加定冠词。又如,He was in hospital for two days.(他在医院住院两天了。)而:He went to the hospital to see his mother.他去医院看望他的母亲。

  [误]I bought a same dictionary as she bought.

  [正]I bought the same dictionary as she bought.

  [析]在惯用法the same, the only, the very前的定冠词不可换为不定冠词。

  [误]The police caught the thief by his arm.

  [正]The police caught the thief by the arm.

  [析]这是英文表达法与中文的明显不同之处,也是初学者极易忽视之处。在英语中的某些动词,如:catch(抓),take(拿),strike (打),pat(拍),hit(击),hold(握),pull(拉)…动词后应加人,再加介词on, by, in, with…之后要加定冠词,再加人体的某一部位。这时的定冠词千万不要换作his,her,their等词。

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